Retraction and Correction

Retraction Policy

Retraction policy of publication will be considered if:

• clear evidence shows that the findings are unreliable due to major errors (e.g., miscalculation, experimental error) or misconduct (e.g., data fabrication, falsification such as image manipulation).
• the publication involves plagiarism.
• the findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper attribution, disclosure, or permission (i.e., redundant publication).
• unauthorized use of material or data is evident.
• there are serious legal issues, such as copyright infringement, libel, or privacy violations.
• the research reported is unethical.
• the publication is the result of a compromised peer review process.
• the authors failed to disclose significant conflicts of interest which could influence the interpretation of the findings. 

Retraction notices will:

• be linked to the retracted article wherever possible.
• clearly identify the retracted article (e.g., by including the title and authors in the retraction heading).
• be clearly labeled as a retraction to distinguish from other types of corrections or comments.
• be published promptly to minimize harmful effects.
• be accessible to all readers without any access barriers.
• specify who is retracting the article and the reasons for retraction.
• be objective, factual, and avoid inflammatory language.

Retractions are generally inappropriate if:

• there is a dispute over authorship but no question over the validity of the findings.
• the main findings are reliable, and errors can be addressed by a correction.
• there is inconclusive evidence for retraction, or additional investigation is pending.
• conflicts of interest are disclosed post-publication but are not likely to have influenced the conclusions.

Expression of concern may be issued if:

• there is inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct.
• findings are potentially unreliable, but the authors' institution will not investigate.
• there is concern that an investigation into alleged misconduct has not been, or would not be, fair and impartial, or conclusive.
• an investigation is underway but a resolution will not be available for a considerable time.

Correction Policy

Corrections may be issued if:

• a small portion of an otherwise reliable publication proves to be misleading due to honest error.
• there are errors in the author/contributor list, such as omitted deserving authors or included individuals who do not meet authorship criteria.

These policies align with the standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and are tailored to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the publication process at Lingua Technica: Journal of Digital Literary Studies.